Sunday, December 22, 2019

Classical Realism Vs. Marxism - 1544 Words

Borne of several exhaustive accounts of human conflict and their subsequent analyses, Classical Realism remains the most compelling theory of those recognised in the study of International Relations (IR). Predating idealist dogma, the sombre chronicles of ancient Greek historian Thucydides served as a preliminary framework for a series of timeless texts that remain as applicable in the current political climate as they had been centuries prior. A distinguishing feature of Classical Realism is its pessimistic interpretation of human nature and interstate relations, underpinning what critics perceive to be a famine of morality. This is exacerbated by an observed inability to account for substantial developments in the global political†¦show more content†¦78). Importantly, Machiavelli advised that human nature is not pliable – men â€Å"will always have, the same passions, and of necessity they must result in the same effects† (1996, p. 212). Recognising perpetual self-interest as a core attribute of humanity, theorist Hans J Morgenthau follows that these issues â€Å"cannot be exorcised by some technological, social, or, political contrivance† (1984, p. 379). Although Hobbesian and Machiavellian perceptions of human nature are generally grim, both acknowledge the intrinsic ability of man to reason. Hobbes hypothesised therein that dangers presented by human nature can only be suppressed if const ituent members of a society surrender their natural rights to a common body. For Realists, this is embodied in the creation of a concordant and sovereign state. In the collective culmination of the state of nature, individuals in society create a different state; that is, â€Å"a legal entity that possesses a permanent population, a well-defined territory and a government capable of exercising sovereignty† (Kegley Raymond 2005, p. 47). The state, often used interchangeably with the terms ‘nation’ or ‘nation-state’, is the most important actor in the Realist international system. Possessing no superior authority (sovereignty), the respective states of the world interact in a condition of anarchy. With this provision, the state is unrestrained by the ‘social contract’ imposed on individuals at a domestic level. Thus, the actions takenShow MoreRelated Mumbo Jumbo by Ishmael Reed Essay3625 Words   |  15 Pagesdance craze that reappears in New Orleans in the 1890s. Throughout the book the hoodoo, or better, the philosophy behind hoodoo is paid a lot of attention. This is significant, because in the postmodern aesthetics there is a turn to the hyper-realism. The practices that Papa La Bas carries out are related to magic and reading minds etc. The word Hoodoo came to America when the Voodoo of Haiti was imported into French Louisiana by planters and slaves that were escaping the Haitian revolution. WhenRead MoreReading Mumbo Jumbo3739 Words   |  15 PagesEgyptian dance craze that reappears in New Orleans in the 1890s. Throughout the book the hoodoo, or better, the philosophy behind hoodoo is paid a lot of attention. This is significant, because in the postmodern aesthetics there is a turn to the hyper-realism. The practices that Papa La Bas carries out are related to magic and reading minds etc. The word Hoodoo came to America when the Voodoo of Haiti was imported into French Louisiana by planters and slaves that were escaping the Haitian revolution. WhenRead MoreExistentialism vs Essentialism23287 Words   |  94 Pages------------------------------------------------- Essentialism vs. Existentialism Essentialism: A belief that things have a set of characteristics that make them what they are, amp; that the task of science and philosophy is their discovery amp; expression; the doctrine that essence is prior to existence While, Existentialism:A philosophical theory or approach, that emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free amp; responsibleRead MoreRemains of the Day as a Postmodern Novel5345 Words   |  22 PagesBritish postmodern prose. Concerning Ishiguros work itself, and Remains of the day as an example of his manner of narrating, this subject of history is precisely the thing that dominates the discourse and captures readers attention (the plot in classical sense is quite static). Stevens, alike all of Ishiguros narrators, is not at all objective and trustworthy. His memory plays tricks on him (motif especially present in his earlier two novels with Japanese protagonists), his language distorts toRead MoreInternational Relations: Japan’s Engagement with China, 1990-20103146 Words   |  13 Pagesexplaining a nation’s grand strategy, for they would not survive otherwise. From the Classical Period to the Middle Ages, from the Renaissance to the twenty-first century, hi storians, statesman, and political theorists have attempted to provide reason and understanding behind the decisions made by nation-states. More often than not, whether through realism or liberalism, through social constructivism or even Marxism, the theories of international relations have been able to define the guidelines forRead MoreEssay about The Remains of the Day by Kazuo Ishiguro5293 Words   |  22 PagesBritish postmodern prose. Concerning Ishiguro’s work itself, and Remains of the day as an example of his manner of narrating, this subject of history is precisely the thing that dominates the discourse and captures reader’s attention (the plot in classical sense is quite static). Stevens, alike all of Ishiguro’s narrators, is not at all objective and trustworthy. His memory plays tricks on him (motif especially present in his earlier two novels with Japanese protagonists), his language distorts toRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesModernist organization theory: back to the future? Introduction Modernist organization theory in context What is modernism? Modernism and architecture What is modernist organization theory? The historical roots of modernist organization theory Classical theory of organization Modernist organization theory: an overview The modernist ontology: the ordered world of the modernist organization The epistemological level: the scientific approach to organization The technologies: how modernists get thingsRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesHistorical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past Sharon Hartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking Steel: Solidarity Remembered Janis Appier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics of Law Enforcement and the LAPD Allen Hunter, ed., Rethinking the Cold War Eric Foner, ed., The New American History. Revised and Expanded

No comments:

Post a Comment

Note: Only a member of this blog may post a comment.